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PRO/ENGINEER 2000i2新功能简述
美国PTC公司在2000年3月份向广大用户发布了PRO/ENGINEER2000i2。在很多用户还没有把PRO/ENGINEER2000i的行为建模等新技术深入了解的时候，PRO/ENGINEER2000i2又带着440多项改进和广大PRO/E用户见面了，到底性能有哪些改进呢？就让笔者把PRO/ENGINEER2000i2的新功能简单介绍给大家，不当之处，还望批评指正。 笔者认为2000i2和2000i相比，功能要强大的多。因为2000i2和2000i相比，有了更多人性化的设计，（我想这应该就是PTC大力宣传的柔性工程技术的一部分吧！）其中包括可视化检索（VisualSearch）、形状索引（ShapeIndexing）、特征灵活性（FeatureAgility）、行为建模技术（BehaviorModeling）、疲劳预测（FatiguePrediction）、CDRS渲染（CDRSRendering）等等。对于工程师来说，这些人性化的设计可以让工程师把时间更多的用在优化设计和产品的创新上，从而提高设计效率。 在这众多的新功能中，最让笔者欣喜的就是可视化检索（VisualSearch）了。如果您一直从事产品设计的话，您一定有过这样的经历：为了寻找一个其他工程师做好的零件或装配，需要从几十甚至上百个零件、装配中去不停的打开或关闭一个又一个窗口。这样的工作让人厌烦，并且效率极低。现在有了PRO/ENGINEER2000i2的可视化检索（VisualSearch），一切都简单多了。可视化检索功能就是让工程师在调用零件、装配、图纸时，可以预览即将调用的零件。更让人惊讶的是，您还可以和在PRO/E操作界面中一样用鼠标加Ctrl键去旋转放大或移动它去看更详细的结构。而完成一个超大型部件装配的预览只需要几秒种的时间，让人不敢相信。据PTC称，这得益于PTC新的远程数据调动技术和专用多线程图形技术。在您打开预览功能的同时，零件或装配的基本形状立即出现在您的眼前，它只是一个近似的表示，几秒种后，零件的细节越来越清晰。可视化检索具有智能化，并且支持多线程处理。当您缩放模型时，PRO/ENGINEER只会载入浏览区域内的部位的数据而忽略其它部位数据。您还可以在装配浏览窗口中直接选择子部件和零件，来查看它们的结 形状索引（ShapeIndexing）也是PTC正在申请专利的先进技术之一。它利用智能过滤技术，把当前的模型与数据库中的已有模型进行比较，找出那些具有相似几何体的模型，以提高设计的重用性。充分利用这项功能，可以使企业减少许多重复设计的工作，也为数据的管理带来了方便。对于交通产品，机械制造业等等来说意义重大，因为他们制造的许多产品都使用相似或相同的部件。有了这项功能，也许在新产品的开发中，您只要投入一半的工程技术人员就可以，另外一些部件只是需要调出来略微修改就可以用于新产品了。PTC称，由于利用了自动过滤和快速过滤技术，如果对一个包含300000个模型的企业数据库进行检索，只需要2秒就可以得到结果。这样的速度恐怕连最挑剔的用户也会无话可说。 特征灵活性（FeatureAgility）也是这次PTC大力宣传的技术热点。因为在当今的产品设计中，为了满足客户的要求，适应市场的变化，更改设计是司空见惯的事。而如何缩短更改周期就成了需要研究的问题。在PRO/ENGINEER2000i2中，增加了一种称为意向参考的新功能。使用这种功能，设计者可以定义特征建立的方式，利用这种定义方式，你可以灵活的构建特征，并且在特征发生更改时仍然保持你的设计意图，从而把设计人员从烦琐的设计更改中解放出来。在PRO/ENGINEER的用户中，经常会遇到这样的问题：当你试图修改一个特征时（特别是这个特征是较早构建的），经常会跳出参考丢失，后续特征不能构建的对话框。你需要手工重新定义每一个失败的特征直到零件完全再生成功。这种重复性的工作使设计人员不能全力投入设计，而必须不断考虑这类特征的不稳定性。利用意向参考，工程师可以更方便的指定特征建 行为建模技术是从PRO/ENGINEER2000i开始推广的新技术。这种行为建模技术被业界作为第五代CAD技术。它通过把导出值（比如容积）包含到参数特征中，再反过来使用它们生成和控制其它模型的几何图形。使用行为建模技术，用户首先要定义一个工程分析模型，其中包括名称、类型和定义。接着，他们要建立“操作”—定义和引用一类用在分析模型中的新特征，比如体积，然后为分析模型设置约束条件—包括目标值、一个参数的最小和最大值。系统会出现解决方案的图表，协助用户为设计选择最优方案。利用行为建模技术的自动求解能在最短的时间内，找到能满足工程标准的最佳设计。相对于传统的手工反复操作的方法，行为建模的全自动处理有很多优点。对于简单的问题可以方便的求解，复杂的问题则可以在很短的时间内完成寻找解决方案的任务。有了这个强大的功能，产品的设计创新才会更快更好。
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蝴蝶编成的结式与蝙蝠形状类似，南方方言中蝴与福同音，如以蝴蝶配上铜钱即称福在眼前，若编上五双蝴蝶可寓意五福临门。 蝴蝶结是以盘长结为主体，再以两边耳翼上各编一个双钱结当蝴蝶的翅膀而成，此外还有一种编法，即将盘长结改为团锦结也很美观。
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Photoshop将画面处理细腻润泽
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还原美丽：去除MM网纹效果
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PS手绘封面美女
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this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753757919.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445397985.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753757725.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445358414.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753758319.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445360064.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753758195.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445397691.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753758708.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445368624.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; 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this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753758370.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445375088.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753759981.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445310919.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753759350.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445339481.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753759246.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445344594.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('UploadFiles/200602/20068753759469.jpg');}" src="/Files/photo/2007-4/2/074215445419887.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; 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钢笔教程
photoshop钢笔练习十步曲钢笔练习十步曲！a、b、c分别代表钢笔的三个控制点如下：。...........。.............。a............b...............c1、按住CTRL 鼠标点b 然后拖动 观察现象并记住此功能。2、按住CTRL 鼠标点a或c 然后拖动 观察现象并记住此功能。3、按住ALT 鼠标点b 观察现象并记住此功能。4、按住ALT 鼠标点a或c 然后拖动 观察现象并记住此功能。5、画下一个节点时按住SHIFT 观察现象并记住此功能。6、画下一个节点时按住CTRL 观察现象并记住此功能。7、画下一个节点时按住SHIFT 不松鼠标拖动 观察现象并记住此功能。8、回到以绘完的接点(就是b)，按住ALT点b 观察现象并记住此功能。然后不松并拖动观察现象并记住此功能。9、回到以绘完的接点(就是b)，按住CTRL点b 并拖动观察现象并记住此功能。10、不用键盘，单独用鼠标绘制，观察现象并记住此优点。你只要把这10步练习5遍，你将会成为扣图高手！扣图中的小问题,小技巧:a\绘制中修改节点后,点一下最后的节点,然后接着绘制,这样不会另起一条路径.b\闭合路径后直接按CTRL+回车将路径变为选区.c\在路径面版下面,有把选区变为路径的按纽,变为路径后输出AI格式,可到AI里直接调用.
豪宅变成鬼屋效果教程
在菜单上选择：图像?调整?色调/饱和度，将房屋边缘的颜色调整成屋顶的颜色。接下来要算是教程中最为复杂的部分，因为我们需要手绘出房屋缺失的部分。为了达到这样的目的我主要使用了仿制图章工具，这个工具可以使你将图片的其他部分当作参考。比如：底层和中间窗户之间的瓦片是借助屋顶的瓦片绘制出来的。
妙手回春-逆转不透明度
如下图，我们要做的就是上面半透明的一层（大且复杂的一个水印）去掉，还原底图的原貌。（注：下面图层的运算实际上是RGB值的运算） 这好比我们从一个地方走到另外一个地方，需要返回，最安全可靠的方法就是沿原路走回去。先看看我们是怎么走过来的！不透明度混合原理：覆盖图层以X%的不透明度和底图混合，得到的混合图等于覆盖图层乘以X%再加上底图乘以（1-X%）。 如何走回去就不言自明：底图等于混合图减去覆盖层乘x%之后再除以（1-X%），但是我们只能找到覆盖层的原图，并且不知道它是以多大的不透明度混合的怎么办？不要紧，我们后面会把不透明度找出来。
